Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management 2024; 16(2): 91-99
Published online September 30, 2024 https://doi.org/10.56142/perm.24.0011
Copyright © Korean Society for Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management.
Young Rim Song1,2
송영림1,2
Correspondence to:Young Rim Song
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang 14068, Korea
Tel: +82-31-380-3720
Fax: +82-31-380-1669
E-mail: yrisong@hanmail.net
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance and usually induced by renal water retention due to the presence of factors contributing to increased antidiuretic hormone, low glomerular filtration rate and poor intake of salt and protein in the elderly population. Although symptom severity varies according to the severity, duration and rapidity of hyponatremia, mild chronic hyponatremia is associated with frailty, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment and gait disturbance. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency are major causes of hyponatremia, but medications have been considered as an important factor of water imbalance, and thiazide diuretics, psychotropic agents, anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs and vasopressin analogues are major hyponatremia-inducing drugs in clinical practice. Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuresis (SIAD) is a main pathogenesis of drug-induced hyponatremia, but multifactorial factors are associated with hyponatremia in old patients. Clinicians should prescribe these potential drugs with caution, especially in those with risk factors for SIAD. The treatment of hyponatremia depends on the severity and type of hyponatremia, and all offending drugs should be discontinued and re-administration of these drugs is strongly discouraged.
KeywordsSodium, Hyponatremia, Adverse drug reaction, Elderly, Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuresis